Untuk menentukan awal Ramadhan, ada dua cara yang telah diajarkan oleh Rasulullah SAW, dan telah diajarkan secara smbung-menyambung dari generasi ke generasi oleh silsilah para ulama.
1. Melihat Bulan (ru`yatul hilal)
Iaitu dengan cara memperhatikan terbitnya bulan di hari ke 29 bulan Sya`ban. Pada petang hari saat matahari terbenam di ufuk barat.
Apabila saat itu nampak bulan sabit meski sangat kecil dan hanya dalam waktu yang singkat, maka ditetapkan bahwa mulai malam itu, umat Islam sudah memasuki tanggal 1 bulan Ramadhan.
Jadi bulan Sya`ban umurnya hanya 29 hari bukan 30 hari. Maka ditetapkan untuk melakukan ibadah Ramadhan seperti shalat tarawih, makan sahur dan mulai berpuasa.
2. Ikmal
Menggenapkan umur bulan Sya`ban menjadi 30 hari Tetapi bila bulan sabit awal Ramadhan sama sekali tidak terlihat, maka umur bulan Sya`ban ditetapkan menjadi 30 hari (ikmal) dan puasa Ramadhan baru dilaksanakan lusanya.
Perintah untuk melakukan ru`yatul hilal dan ikmal ini didasari atas perintah Rasulullah SAW dalam hadits riwayat Abu Hurairah ra.:
Puasalah dengan melihat bulan dan berfithr (berlebaran) dengan melihat bulan, bila tidak nampak olehmu, maka sempurnakan hitungan Sya`ban menjadi 30 hari.(HR Bukhari dan Muslim).
Sedangkan metode penghitungan berdasarkan ilmu hisab dalam menentukan awal Ramadhan tidak termasyuk cara yang masyru` karena tidak ada dalil serta isyarat dari Rasulullah SAW untuk menggunakannya.
Ini berbeda dengan penentuan waktu shalat di mana Rasulullah SAW tidak memberi perintah secara khusus untuk melihat bayangan matahari atau terbenamnya atau terbitnya atau ada tidaknya mega merah dan seterusnya.
1. Melihat Bulan (ru`yatul hilal)
Iaitu dengan cara memperhatikan terbitnya bulan di hari ke 29 bulan Sya`ban. Pada petang hari saat matahari terbenam di ufuk barat.
Apabila saat itu nampak bulan sabit meski sangat kecil dan hanya dalam waktu yang singkat, maka ditetapkan bahwa mulai malam itu, umat Islam sudah memasuki tanggal 1 bulan Ramadhan.
Jadi bulan Sya`ban umurnya hanya 29 hari bukan 30 hari. Maka ditetapkan untuk melakukan ibadah Ramadhan seperti shalat tarawih, makan sahur dan mulai berpuasa.
2. Ikmal
Menggenapkan umur bulan Sya`ban menjadi 30 hari Tetapi bila bulan sabit awal Ramadhan sama sekali tidak terlihat, maka umur bulan Sya`ban ditetapkan menjadi 30 hari (ikmal) dan puasa Ramadhan baru dilaksanakan lusanya.
Perintah untuk melakukan ru`yatul hilal dan ikmal ini didasari atas perintah Rasulullah SAW dalam hadits riwayat Abu Hurairah ra.:
Puasalah dengan melihat bulan dan berfithr (berlebaran) dengan melihat bulan, bila tidak nampak olehmu, maka sempurnakan hitungan Sya`ban menjadi 30 hari.(HR Bukhari dan Muslim).
Sedangkan metode penghitungan berdasarkan ilmu hisab dalam menentukan awal Ramadhan tidak termasyuk cara yang masyru` karena tidak ada dalil serta isyarat dari Rasulullah SAW untuk menggunakannya.
Ini berbeda dengan penentuan waktu shalat di mana Rasulullah SAW tidak memberi perintah secara khusus untuk melihat bayangan matahari atau terbenamnya atau terbitnya atau ada tidaknya mega merah dan seterusnya.
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